城市污(wu)水(shui)按(an)來源可分(fen)為生活污(wu)水(shui)、工業(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)和徑流污(wu)水(shui)。
生活污水
生活污水(shui)主要(yao)來自家庭、機(ji)關、商業和城(cheng)市公用(yong)設施。其中(zhong)主要(yao)是(shi)糞便和洗滌污水(shui),集中(zhong)排(pai)入城(cheng)市下水(shui)道管網系統(tong),輸送至污水(shui)處理廠(chang)進(jin)行(xing)處理后排(pai)放。其水(shui)量水(shui)質明顯具有(you)晝夜周期性和季節周期變化(hua)的特點。
工業廢水
工(gong)(gong)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中的(de)(de)比(bi)重,因城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)業生產規模和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)而不同,可從百(bai)分之(zhi)幾到百(bai)分之(zhi)幾十。其(qi)中往往含(han)有(you)腐蝕性、有(you)毒、有(you)害(hai)、難以生物(wu)降(jiang)解(jie)的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染物(wu)。因此,工(gong)(gong)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)必須進行(xing)處(chu)理(li),達到一(yi)定標(biao)準后方能排入生活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統。生活污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)工(gong)(gong)業廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)以及兩者的(de)(de)比(bi)例決定著城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)方法、技(ji)術和(he)處(chu)理(li)程度。
城市徑流污水(shui)
城(cheng)市徑流污(wu)水是雨(yu)雪(xue)淋洗(xi)城(cheng)市大氣污(wu)染(ran)物和沖洗(xi)建筑物、地面、廢渣、垃圾而形成(cheng)的。這(zhe)種污(wu)水具有(you)季節變化(hua)和成(cheng)分復雜的特點(dian),在降雨(yu)初期所含污(wu)染(ran)物甚至會高出生活污(wu)水多倍。